Right to Repair: Your Repair Rights

Right to Repair Act

California's Right to Repair Act requires manufacturers of electronics and appliances to make parts, tools, and repair documentation available to consumers and independent repair shops. Products sold for $50-$99.99 must have parts available for 3 years; products $100+ for 7 years. The law covers a huge consumer market -- California alone represents about 15% of the US economy.

Digital Fair Repair Act

One of the most comprehensive state R2R laws. Requires manufacturers of consumer electronics to provide parts, tools, documentation, and software to consumers and independent repair shops. Unlike some other state laws, it includes a provision against parts pairing -- the practice of using software to prevent replacement parts from functioning unless authorized by the manufacturer.

Right to Repair Act

Signed May 2025, in force January 1, 2026. Requires manufacturers to provide parts, tools, and documentation on fair and reasonable terms for digital electronic products -- and it reaches back to products first manufactured and sold in Washington on or after July 1, 2021, so most devices people already own are covered. Excludes medical devices, motor vehicles, agricultural equipment, and video game consoles. A companion law (SB 5680, in force July 2025) covers wheelchairs and mobility devices.

Right to Repair Law

The first Republican-led state to pass a consumer electronics right-to-repair law, and it passed unanimously in both chambers. Effective September 1, 2026, manufacturers of digital electronic equipment sold to consumers for over $50 (laptops, smartphones, tablets) must make parts, tools, and documentation available. Excludes medical devices, motor vehicles, farm equipment, game consoles, and home appliances with embedded electronics. No parts-pairing ban.

Right to Repair (Consumer Protection Act, Section 3)

Right to repair passed as part of a broader consumer protection act in May 2025. From July 1, 2026, manufacturers of electronic and appliance products first manufactured or sold in Connecticut on or after that date must make documentation, functional parts, and tools -- including software updates -- available to consumers and independent repair providers.

Right to Repair Act

Oregon's law is notable for its strong anti-parts-pairing provision: manufacturers cannot use software locks to prevent replacement parts from functioning, even if the parts are genuine. Also prohibits manufacturers from reducing device functionality after independent repair. Covers consumer electronics sold in Oregon.

Consumer Right to Repair Digital Electronic Equipment

Requires manufacturers of digital electronic equipment -- cell phones, computers, TVs -- to make parts, tools, and documentation available to consumers and independent repair providers, with software tools provided free. Includes parts-pairing restrictions. In force January 1, 2026. Colorado also has earlier right-to-repair laws for wheelchairs (2022) and agricultural equipment (2023).

Digital Fair Repair Act

The first broad electronics right-to-repair law enacted in the US. Requires manufacturers to make diagnostic and repair information, parts, and tools available to independent repair providers and consumers. Enforceable since December 28, 2023, covering devices first sold in New York on or after July 1, 2023. The law was significantly weakened before signing -- it allows manufacturers to offer assemblies instead of individual parts and has broad security exemptions.

Motor Vehicle Right to Repair (Expanded)

Massachusetts voters passed Question 1 in 2020 with 75% support, expanding the state's existing 2012 motor vehicle R2R law to require manufacturers to provide access to vehicle telematics data through an open-access platform. This allows independent repair shops and vehicle owners to access the same diagnostic data that dealer networks use. The auto industry's federal court challenge was dismissed in February 2025, upholding the law, but the industry appealed. The First Circuit heard arguments in February 2026 and hasn't ruled yet, so enforcement remains unsettled.

Consumer Protection Act Amendments -- Planned Obsolescence & Repairability

Quebec became the first Canadian province to enact right-to-repair legislation. Since October 5, 2025, merchants and manufacturers must keep replacement parts, repair services, and repair information available for a reasonable time at reasonable prices, and repairs can't be defeated by software restrictions. The bigger piece lands October 5, 2026: a warranty of good working order with fixed durations set by regulation (December 2025) -- 6 years for fridges, ranges, freezers, ACs, and heat pumps; 5 years for dishwashers, washers, and dryers; 4 years for TVs; 3 years for computers, laptops, tablets, cellphones, and game consoles. Merchants must display the duration next to the advertised price.

Consumer Protection Amendment Act -- Right to Repair

Manitoba became the second province with right-to-repair legislation. Bill 15, a government bill introduced March 2026 and assented to in June 2026, adds a new part to the Consumer Protection Act requiring suppliers to provide the means of repair -- diagnostics, software, manuals, parts, and tools -- for designated goods at reasonable cost and within a reasonable time. It's not in force yet: the rules take effect by proclamation as regulations roll out sector by sector, starting with appliances, then automotive, then agricultural equipment.

Right to Repair Act, 2025

Introduced by NDP MPPs in the 44th Parliament (first reading December 10, 2025; awaiting second reading as of August 2026). Covers automotive, agricultural, consumer electronics, and appliance repair with requirements for manufacturers to provide repair manuals, parts, software, and tools, plus a parts-pairing ban. Builds on earlier Ontario bills (Bill 72 in 2019, Bill 187 in 2024) that did not pass. As a private member's bill under a majority government, it's unlikely to advance without government support.

Right to Repair Advocacy

No provincial right-to-repair legislation has been introduced in British Columbia. The Union of BC Municipalities (UBCM) has passed resolutions calling for R2R legislation, and there is growing political and community interest, but no bill has been tabled.

Directive on Common Rules Promoting the Repair of Goods

The EU Right to Repair Directive requires member states to ensure consumers can get products repaired more easily and affordably. It establishes a right to repair even outside the legal guarantee period, requires manufacturers to repair products at a reasonable price on request, and bans contractual or software practices that prevent independent repair. Its obligations formally apply from July 31, 2026, but many member states missed the transposition deadline (Germany passed its implementing law in June 2026; others are still working), so protections vary by country for now. The European online repair platform is due by mid-2027 and fully operational in 2028.

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation

The updated Ecodesign Regulation expands the original 2009 directive beyond energy efficiency to cover durability, repairability, and recyclability. Smartphone and tablet rules apply since June 20, 2025: an EU energy label with an A-E repairability class, batteries surviving 800 charge cycles at 80% capacity, spare parts within 5-10 working days for 7 years after last sale, and at least 5 years of OS updates. The 2025-2030 working plan (adopted April 2025) queues up textiles, tyres, furniture, and mattresses next, with a horizontal repairability requirement targeted for 2027.

Indice de Réparabilité (Repairability Index)

France was the first country to require repairability scores on electronics: a 0-10 score based on documentation, ease of disassembly, parts availability, and pricing, displayed at point of sale. The landscape shifted in 2025. TVs (January 2025) and washing machines (April 2025) moved to a broader durability index that adds reliability criteria. For smartphones and tablets, France abolished its own index in June 2025 in favour of the EU energy label's A-E repairability class -- a change French repair advocates consider a downgrade. Laptops still carry the classic French repairability score.

Consumers can purchase genuine Apple parts, rent toolkits, and access repair manuals. Available in 34 countries including the US, Canada, and across Europe. Independent Canadian repair shops can also get genuine iPhone and iPad parts through the Genuine Parts Distributor program (via MobileSentrix in Canada). Vision Pro and Apple Watch aren't in the program.

Genuine parts purchasable online in the US and Canada. In Canada, Samsung sells certified parts through third-party partners: samparts.ca for appliances and smgparts.ca for mobile. (Samsung's earlier iFixit partnership ended in mid-2024; iFixit still sells Samsung parts independently.)

Genuine Pixel parts available through iFixit in the US, Canada, UK, EU, and Australia -- Pixel 10 parts were available at launch. Includes batteries, displays, and cameras, sold individually or as Fix Kits with all necessary tools. Canadian orders ship domestically.

HP and iFixit sell certified genuine parts and publish repair guides for select laptop lines (expanded May 2025). Currently a US program; Canadian parts availability isn't confirmed yet.

Not-for-profit coalition of individuals, businesses, educators, and nonprofits advocating for right-to-repair in Canada. Published model provincial R2R legislation and holds an annual Canadian Repair Convention (most recently Halifax, May 2026). Tracks provincial campaigns across the country.

Vancouver-based digital rights organization. Submitted over 8,600 petition signatures to the ISED R2R consultation and commissioned national polling showing 75% of Canadians support right-to-repair legislation.

The most influential repair advocacy organization globally. Publishes free repair guides, sells parts, rates products on repairability, and actively lobbies for R2R legislation in the US, EU, and worldwide. Partners with manufacturers like Google, Samsung, and Kobo to provide genuine parts.

Leading US advocacy organization for right-to-repair legislation. Coordinates state-level campaigns, publishes research on repair barriers (including the annual Failing the Fix report), and has been instrumental in passing R2R laws in California, Minnesota, Oregon, Colorado, Washington, Texas, and Connecticut.

European Right to Repair campaign -- a coalition of over 190 organizations from 30 countries, including environmental NGOs, repair businesses, and community groups. Advocated for the EU Right to Repair Directive and pushes for stronger implementation at the national level.

London-based charity that organizes community repair events (Restart Parties), collects repair data through the Open Repair Alliance, and advocates for R2R policy. Their repair data has been used to inform EU legislation on product durability.

Global network of community repair events started in the Netherlands in 2009. Over 2,500 Repair Cafes operate worldwide, including locations across Canada, the US, and Europe, where volunteers help people repair household items for free.